Time factor has always been one of the important factors in the development of science worldwide. That is why far-sighted statesmen, great thinkers and educators creatively used the science factor in their activities. The national leader of the Azerbaijani people, outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev gave great importance to the science factor in his many years of statehood, and paid special attention to the use of scientific ideas to develop the country and the people he led.
Outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev benefited widely from the science factor during all periods of his political power. For this purpose, first of all, he consistently cared for the development of science, drew scientists to the center of attention of society and directed the processes forward using their scientific ideas and reputation in society. The national leader's participation in the 50th anniversary ceremony of Baku State University on November 2, 1969 at the beginning of his political power, and his speech in the Azerbaijani language, were of special attention and respect to science and education in general, and especially to the scientists and teachers of this great institution of higher education, who played an important role in the moral evolution of our nation. was the expression. When he was in charge of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic, he came to the conclusion that one of the main ways and means of overcoming the economic and cultural backwardness, which has been tolerated for many years in the country, and achieving a fundamental turnaround and revival in this field, is a more active and targeted approach to the processes of science in all fields. The member is closely related to ensuring that he intervenes and exerts influence. Therefore, in order to save the republic from the current backwardness and bring the country to a new stage of development, it has implemented complex measures in order to eliminate the rooted inertia in the field of science.
Heydar Aliyev, first of all, in the decision of the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan CP dated December 30, 1969 on the celebration of the 25th anniversary of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR, among the main tasks of this scientific institution was the study of the natural resources of the republic and their efficient use, the development of oil, chemical industry and agriculture. conducting research on solving issues related to Also, at the Bureau meeting chaired by Heydar Aliyev, with the aim of organizing the Academy of Sciences to help the country's industrial potential more efficiently, the Academy's Presidium made a decision "On the establishment of two divisions on the basis of the Earth Sciences division: technical sciences and petroleum, geological and geographical sciences divisions" has been done. On June 24, 1970, by the decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU of Azerbaijan, determining the measures to improve the material and technical base of the Additives Chemistry Institute within the Azerbaijan SSR EA, and on June 20, 1972, the Bureau of the Central Committee of the Central Committee of the Republic of Azerbaijan established the laboratories of the Sumgayit branch of the Institute of Petrochemical Processes of the Academy. The decisions on the establishment of the Complex Scientific Research and Design Institute of Heavy Organic Synthesis on the basis of this were purposeful measures calculated for the successful implementation of the large-scale industrialization program launched in the republic, which was mainly considered as an agrarian region.
Heydar Aliyev, the head of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic, rightly considered the implementation of necessary reforms in the field of economic science as one of the urgent tasks in order to comprehensively develop the economy in the country on a large scale. For this purpose, the activities of economic institutes subordinated to the Planning Committee, the Academy of Sciences and other ministries were fundamentally checked and deeply analyzed in the Bureau of the Central Committee, and effective decisions were made to raise the work of those scientific institutions to the level of the requirements of the time. On this occasion, at the special meeting of the Bureau of the Ministry of Economy held on October 9, 1973, the current situation in economic institutes was determined as follows: "Economic institutes to provide proposals and recommendations to the planning bodies on the scientific substantiation and forecasting of prospective directions in the development of the national economy, the efficient use and placement of production facilities does not provide necessary support... The deficiencies in the activity of economic institutes of the Republic are related to the lack of necessary coordination in their work, and the fact that researches are carried out separately and in parallel."
The complex nature of the decisions adopted by the principled position of Heydar Aliyev has created a wide challenge for the establishment of not only economic institutions, but also the economy of the republic as a whole on scientific foundations. The following provisions in the decision adopted by the Central Committee are important not only for their era, even though half a century has passed, but also for the economic science of the current state independence era: The staff of the institutes should focus their efforts on the restoration and improvement of the structure of the national economy, the solution of long-term optimal planning problems, the use of natural and labor resources, the deployment of production forces, the intensification of industrial and agricultural production, and the improvement of economic methods in the management of the national economy."
Thus, with the foresight and will of Heydar Aliyev, the economy in Azerbaijan was managed by the method of historical traditions and the analysis and predictions of economic science. Scientists of the Academy of Sciences and economic institutes of the Planning Committee were among the main authors and participants of State programs in all fields. The science factor formed the basis of Heydar Aliyev's rapid and comprehensive economic marathon. Therefore, Soviet Azerbaijan has turned from a backward agrarian republic into a country with a developed economy in a short period of time through Heydar Aliyev's economic platform based on centuries-old economic traditions and achievements of economic science.
During his leadership of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev took concrete steps in the direction of the Azerbaijani science, the Academy of Sciences, towards the study of the most relevant problems of world science, thereby giving serious attention to the scientists of the republic to be aware of the scientific processes taking place on an international scale and to conduct research on modern problems. For example, on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev, the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and the Council of Ministers on August 1, 1974 on measures to accelerate the development of molecular biology and molecular genetics and to use the achievements of molecular genetics in the national economy, this new scientific direction, which has come to the fore in Western countries, scientific foundations were created in the republic. For that purpose, the molecular biology and molecular genetics sector was created under the Biophysics laboratory at the Azerbaijan EA Institute of Physics and equipped with the most modern material and technical base. In this way, a fertile scientific ground was prepared for the institutes of Biophysics and Molecular Biology and Biotechnologies, which began to operate in the Academy of Sciences during the period of independence.
Or the decision of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan and the Council of Ministers of Azerbaijan on March 25, 1978 "On the further development of work in the field of natural resources and space research in the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR" supported the development of radio-technical science and established a radiophysical device manufacturing facility in our republic. many industries have been established. In addition, on the basis of the State program, in 1980, the Experimental Plant of the "Caspian" Scientific Center, which worked with the secret code of EA, was rebuilt, and the production volume was increased several times. At the same time, the Special Design Bureau of the "Caspian" Scientific Center was opened in the Nakhchivan Autonomous Republic, where science was oriented.
Thus, in the era of Heydar Aliyev, under the conditions of the socialist structure, private scientific institutions, which are typical for the capitalist society, were created under the name of the Special Constructor Bureau. Such science-production associations in the former USSR continued their activities effectively only in the Academies of Sciences of Ukraine and Azerbaijan. At the meeting of the Central Committee of the Azerbaijan CP held under the chairmanship of Heydar Aliyev on January 23, 1976, discussing a special issue "On increasing the efficiency of the scientific researches of the Academy of Sciences of the Azerbaijan SSR and expanding the work on the application of their results in the national economy", the Academy's scientific private scientific activity, which is not considered traditional for its environment, was supported at the state level. All this, and the production of military-industrial products, in turn, resulted in the establishment of the Space Research Institute in Azerbaijan during the years of Soviet rule, and in the years of independence, a modern science and production center such as Azerkosmos. Also, holding the XXIV Congress of the International Astronautical Federation at the base of the Academy in 1974 contributed to the transformation of Azerbaijan into a country of space research. Or "After the decision of April 7, 1978 on the further development of scientific research in the field of seismology and the organization of earthquake forecasting service, the organization of the scientific activity of the Republican Seismological Service Center, which operates mainly as an experimental information bureau, is one of the important achievements of the Heydar Aliyev era. Similarly, holding the XXVI Congress on Spectrochemistry of the Atomic Nucleus in Sumgait city in 1976, organizing a seminar dedicated to the current problems of high-energy physics gave a great impetus to the creation and development of newly emerging fields of science in world science in our republic. Thus, a new type of chemistry of the Heydar Aliyev era in Azerbaijan , physics, mathematics schools were formed.
In the era of Heydar Aliyev, large-scale events were carried out in the Academy of Sciences in the field of Humanities and Social Sciences. The years of Heydar Aliyev's leadership of the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic are considered the renaissance period of the country's science. In this period, in addition to literature and art figures, scientists and Academy staff were closely involved in the implementation of the Azerbaijani policy fought for by Heydar Aliyev. The decrees of the head of the Republic "On measures to improve the promotion of historical and cultural monuments in Azerbaijan through the main museums of the USSR" (1969), "On the development of toponymy research in the Republic" (1972), on the anniversaries of prominent Azerbaijani writers and poets, were aimed at mobilizing academic science in the direction of Azerbaijanism. has created conditions.
Celebrating the jubilees of Nizami Ganjavi and Imameddin Nasimi, making decisions about researching, publishing, translating and promoting their works, as well as awarding State prizes for the best works in the fields of literature, art and science created conditions for great revival in the country. the best works of Nizami studies and fundamental studies about Imameddin Nasimi appeared in these years. Academician Ziya Bunyadov's monographs devoted to the history of our national statehood, the Atabay state, and the Shirvanshahs and Safavid states by various authors are among the valuable scientific results of that period. Scientists working in various research institutes of the Academy of Sciences were also closely involved in the process of celebrating the 100th anniversary of Nariman Narimanov's birth at the level of an outstanding statesman, not just as a writer and dramatist dictated by the Kremlin, and to raise his magnificent statue in Baku. The healthy Azerbaijani environment created in the country by the head of state Heydar Aliyev, the support of national ideas and activities by the state led to the creation of a number of scientific schools in the field of humanities and social sciences at the Academy of Sciences. Despite the fact that some ideological features arising from the characteristics of the era were noticeable, in the 70s and 80s of the 20th century in Azerbaijan, academician Hasan Abdullayev's school of semiconductor physics, academician Firudin Kocherli's school of philosophy, academician Mammad Jafar Jafarov's school of literary theory, academician Ziya Bunyadov's school of oriental studies - textual studies, Corresponding member Karim Karimov's school of art studies, even Corresponding member Khudu Mammadov's humanitarian-oriented crystallography school, Hasan Aliyev's Pandag Pandagov geography school are great scientific achievements of the Heydar Aliyev era. By the will of Heydar Aliyev, the inclusion of the Azerbaijani language in the constitution of our republic in 1978 gave a great impetus to the development of linguistic science, and a number of significant linguistic studies appeared during this period. The publication of the "Soviet Turkology" magazine, which is the dialectological school of academician Mammad agha Shiraliyev and the organ of the All-Union Turkology Committee, at the Baku-Academy of Sciences, as well as the awarding of state awards to well-known linguists of the Azerbaijan State University for the multi-volume "Modern Azerbaijani language" textbook, was carried out by the head of the republic, member of the Political Bureau Heydar It was made possible thanks to Aliyev's deliberate and purposeful activity, strong will and great influence.
It is an important service related to the name of outstanding statesman Heydar Aliyev in the independent implementation of international relations of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences. Thus, a year later, in order to ensure the implementation of the decision made on September 25, 1973 "On expanding the exchange of scientific and technical achievements in foreign countries" on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev, a foreign relations department was officially allowed to be established in the Academy of Sciences. With this, the dependence of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences on the USSR Academy of Sciences in terms of organizing foreign relations has been eliminated.
Finally, during the years of Soviet rule, in 1975, the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the establishment of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences at the state level is a visible manifestation of the high attitude of the Heydar Aliyev era to science and the Academy.
At that time, it was with the high attention and care of the head of the country, Heydar Aliyev, that the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences was awarded the "Friendship of Peoples" order, one of the highest awards of the time, and was awarded the Transient Red Flag. The profound speech of Heydar Aliyev, the head of the Soviet Republic of Azerbaijan, at the solemn jubilee ceremony is of great importance in terms of the assessment of the Academy's activity, as well as its orientation. In recent years, the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences has been performing particularly extensive and multifaceted activities, creating and developing new and newest directions of scientific research, harmoniously connecting applied research with fundamental research, and maintaining closer and closer interaction with the scientific collectives of the sister republics. The theoretical level of research, their practical effectiveness for the national economy has increased significantly, the complex planning and organization of science has been improved, and the demand for scientists has increased.
In our country, the work of scientific workers is honorable, they are respected. Therefore, we have the right to set high demands on every researcher. The great tasks facing the republic require serious work in the field of organization of science, its management, improvement of its structure, improvement of their planning in order to bring scientific research as close as possible to the needs of practice, economy and cultural construction.
As it can be seen, in 1969-1982, when Heydar Aliyev led the Azerbaijan Soviet Republic, the country's science, including the Academy of Sciences, developed comprehensively in all directions. This line of development has been further expanded at the expense of scientists distinguished by the effective activities of the members of the Academy in the field of science and the services of scientists at the state level. Thus, thanks to the care of Heydar Aliyev, in 1982, the composition of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences reached 126, including 2 honorary members, 54 full members and 70 corresponding members, which was 2 times more than the indicators of 1969. The election of the president of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, academician M.V. Keldish and the president of the Georgian SSR EA, academician N.I. Muskheleshvili as honorary members of the Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences had a significant positive effect on increasing the prestige of the Academy. At the same time, on the initiative of Heydar Aliyev, on the basis of the presentation of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Azerbaijan, the vice-president of the Academy of Sciences, academician Mustafa bey Topchubashov received the highest award of that time as a hero of Socialist Labor in 1975, the awarding of honorary titles to prominent scientists, their awarding of orders and medals expressed the state's high respect for scientists. Thus, in determining the future tasks of Azerbaijan science and the Academy of Sciences, the historical decisions made by the prominent statesman Heydar Aliyev in the first period of his political power, the ideas he put forward, and the reforms he implemented played the role of a long-term program. As in other areas of social life, the visionary statesman Heydar Aliyev prepared the Azerbaijan Academy of Science and Sciences towards state independence. Active participation of Azerbaijani scientists and employees of the Academy of Sciences in spreading the ideas of national freedom in Azerbaijan and fighting for state independence in the 8th years of the 20th century is a clear example of this.
In the period of independence, during the second leadership of the Republic of Azerbaijan, the prominent statesman Heydar Aliyev took important measures to develop the country's science and the Academy of Sciences in accordance with the interests of the people and our state. First of all, the great leader saved the Academy of Sciences from the complex crisis phase of the transitional period. At the meeting held with Azerbaijani intellectuals at the Academy of Sciences on September 21, 1993, he appreciated the historical role and importance of the Academy and emphasized the need to preserve and develop this academic institution in difficult conditions.
The statements made by Heydar Aliyev that "no matter what the economy is, science must develop. The Academy of Sciences is a historical achievement of the people... You can be sure that the Academy of Sciences and the institutes will function, we will create an opportunity for this" - the provisions of which were actually already canceled. carried out the mission of saving the Academy at a responsible moment. On January 31, 1997, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev discussed the state and tasks of the country's science in the new historical conditions in a meeting with the leading staff of the Academy of Sciences and the leading scientists of the republic. At the meeting, there was an open discussion about the necessary and actual issues such as determining the status of the Academy of Sciences, serving the independent state building of the country's science, the position of scientists in front of the society, and improving their financial situation. As a result, the management staff of the Academy of Sciences was renewed, and new reforms were initiated in the Academy. After that, with the Decree dated May 15, 2001 signed by Heydar Aliyev, the issue of directing Azerbaijani science to the task of serving the national interests of our people and the statehood interests of our country was officially resolved by giving the Academy the status of the National Academy of Sciences. In the following years, the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences signed cooperation agreements on equal terms with academic scientific institutions and universities of the world countries, and built its work on the basis of the interests of our independent state in the context of integration with world science.
After many years, in order to expand the composition of the Academy, on June 29-30, 2001, the largest election in the history of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences was held, and 27 full members and 88 corresponding members were elected to these academic scientific organizations. Based on the Decree of the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev "On the establishment of the Nakhchivan branch of the Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences" dated August 7, 2002, the horizons of the country's science were further expanded with the establishment of a new scientific branch of the Academy and scientific research institutes in the autonomous republic. On January 4, 2003, the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Heydar Aliyev, signed decrees on the status and charter of the National Academy of Sciences and determined the new form and tasks of the Academy, bringing the country's science to the modern historical stage.
President of the Republic of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev has taken important steps at the state level to develop the National Academy of Sciences in accordance with the requirements of the period of independence.
Subordination of the Azerbaijan Encyclopedia Publishing Polygraphic Union to ANAS and commissioning of the Encyclopedia Complex that meets the most modern requirements for the National Encyclopedia, fundamental reconstruction of the Nizami Ganjavi Literary Museum and the Azerbaijan History Museum with the status of "National", all kinds of material for the Central Scientific Library - presentation of a modern building with technical capabilities, reconstruction of the Shamakhi Astrophysics Observatory are the realities of the Ilham Aliyev era in the life of the Academy. In order to develop science in the regions, the creation and organization of the activities of the Lankaran Scientific Center in 2005 and the Ganja Scientific Department in 2010 are important events of the new historical stage. Establishment of the State Commission on reforms in Azerbaijani science, adoption of the National Strategy for the development of science in 2009-2015, approval of the new Charter of ANAS on December 11, 2014, structural reforms in the Academy, construction of the High Technologies Park in 2016 The establishment of ANAS is an important historical step in the annals of the 21st century. In order to ensure the mutual integration of science in the fields of science, education, culture and reforms, the Azerbaijan Academy of Science and Academy has re-established the Azerbaijan Academy of Science and is experiencing a period of reforms in the direction of organization. The following views expressed by the President of the Republic of Azerbaijan, Ilham Aliyev, regarding the Azerbaijan Academy of Science and the National Academy of Sciences shed light on the responsible tasks facing science in our country in the era of independence: "I would very much like Azerbaijani scientists to play a more active role in the comprehensive development of our country in the future. Because the science of our country's future is is directly related to the level of potential. Development in every country, including Azerbaijan, is related to the level of science. Today is the age of new technologies.
They can express their interests to a greater extent. Azerbaijan should be among those countries.
Today we are thinking about a new model of our economy. I would like our scientists to take an active part in these things."
As it can be seen, the Heydar Aliyev-Ilham Aliyev era constitutes a special historical stage in the ways of formation and development of the Azerbaijan Academy of Science and National Sciences. The National Academy of Sciences continues to walk confidently towards brighter development in the light of the great ideals of this historical epoch.
